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[68.57.236.50]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id d3sm5063235itc.40.2018.12.15.13.22.51 for (version=TLS1_2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128); Sat, 15 Dec 2018 13:22:52 -0800 (PST) Subject: Re: Newbie to linux and a question To: Linux for blind general discussion References: <2282C41C-FEE4-4A7A-BFE3-7D97A53306F0@icloud.com> <20181215115220.620b6501@telaviv1.shlomifish.org> <39dffb42-cecd-a57a-bda8-e385283ca1e5@gmail.com> Message-ID: Date: Sat, 15 Dec 2018 16:22:51 -0500 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/60.3.3 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Language: en-US X-Greylist: Sender IP whitelisted, not delayed by milter-greylist-4.5.16 (mx1.redhat.com [10.5.110.27]); Sat, 15 Dec 2018 21:22:54 +0000 (UTC) X-Greylist: inspected by milter-greylist-4.5.16 (mx1.redhat.com [10.5.110.27]); Sat, 15 Dec 2018 21:22:54 +0000 (UTC) for IP:'209.85.166.54' DOMAIN:'mail-io1-f54.google.com' HELO:'mail-io1-f54.google.com' FROM:'fafajam@gmail.com' RCPT:'' X-RedHat-Spam-Score: -0.111 (DKIM_SIGNED, DKIM_VALID, DKIM_VALID_AU, FREEMAIL_FROM, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H2, SPF_PASS) 209.85.166.54 mail-io1-f54.google.com 209.85.166.54 mail-io1-f54.google.com X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.78 on 10.5.110.27 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.84 on 10.5.11.22 X-loop: blinux-list@redhat.com From: Linux for blind general discussion X-BeenThere: blinux-list@redhat.com X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.12 Precedence: junk Reply-To: blinux-list@redhat.com List-Id: Linux for blind general discussion List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 15 Dec 2018 21:22:57 -0000 great info thanks. On 12/15/2018 7:25 AM, Linux for blind general discussion wrote: > Okay, I'm not sure how to help a newbie get started, but one thing I > think worth mentioning given the most recent message: > > Manually downloading, compiling, and installing application software > on a Linux machine is something even experienced users typically have > little reason to do on a daily basis. This is because most modern > distributions come with a built-in package manager that will, > instructed to install a given piece of software, automate the process > of downloading a precompiled for that distro package of the > application, packages for all its dependencies, and installing those > precompiled packages. > > Sadly, package management is one of those things that differs from > distro-to-distro, though distros that are closely related often share > the same package manager(e.g. Debian, Ubuntu, Knoppix, and most other > distros derived from Debian or one of its derivatives all use apt as > their package management system and offer a few standard frontends). > > Plus, many "newbie friendly" distros err on the side of including as > many different packages in their default installation as can be > compressed to fit on the install media. > > I'm really only familiar with debian derivatives and the apt package > manager, but some of the most important commands are: > sudo apt-get update > To refresh the package lists. > sudo apt-get upgrade > To install all available upgrades for installed packages. > and > sudo apt-get install [packagename] > To install the named package along with all its dependencies. > > Also, > sudo aptitude > will laucnh a console frontend for apt called aptitude which provides > many useful features such as: > A tiered list of all available packages divided first by install > status(upgradeable, installed, not installed, obsolete or locally > installed), section(Admin, editors, libs, net, utilities, among > several dozen others), and license(differs on distro, but Debian > itself uses main for free software, contrib for non-free software that > meets some criteria I'm not entirely sure about, and non-free for all > other non-free software), and then alphabetically by package name. > pressing enter on a package name brings up lots of information on that > package, such as description, maintainer, size, dependencies, and > available versions. > many keyboard shortcuts for quickly marking a highlighted package for > upgrade/installation/removal/etc. > Built-in serach(useful for finding a package when you don't know its exact name. > Easy to read preview of pending actions prior to them being applied. > powerful conflict resolution capabilities. > > And synaptic provides many of the same features in a gui application. > > Oh, and if you really need to download and install something manually > because it isn't available through apt, Debian and its derivatives use > .deb packages, which can be installed by running: > sudo dpkg -i nameofpackage.deb > > And as Debian and its derivatives are among the most widely used > distros, many devs will include .deb packages on their download pages. > Note: you're also likely to see .rpm packages, which are packages for > the Redhat Package Manager, used by Redhat Enterprise Linux, Fedora, > and their derivatives, and .tar.gz or .tar.bz2, which are compressed > tarballs, which usually contain a copy of a program's source code. > .rpm packages can be installed on Debian-derived systems, but this > requires the use of alien to handle the foreign package format and is > generally not recommended, and compiling from source generally isn't > needed unless you're part of active development. > > I hope you find this information useful. >